Characteristics of Spark Plasma Sintered Nanocarbon Materials
Keywords:
Carbon nanohorns, Spark plasma sintering, Raman spectroscopy, Nanostructure, Mobility, Electrical conductivityAbstract
We prepared binder-free monoliths of carbon nanohorns (CNHs), hole-opened carbon nanohorns (CNHoxs), multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), and single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) using spark plasma sintering (SPS) method at 1800℃ and 80 MPa in vacuum. The density of the SPS-treated SWCNT is 1.8 g/cm3, which is close to that of graphite, while those of CNHs, CNHoxs, and MWCNT remained 1.1–1.3 g/cm3 even after SPS treatment. We evaluated the monoliths using Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy observation, which showed a significant defect formation and graphitization of SWCNTs. Moreover, the increase of defect density in CNHs, CNHoxs, and MWCNT was moderate, and sub-micron size structures remained. We observed that the monoliths of CNHs and CNHoxs were highly conductive with a Hall mobility of positive holes of ~50 cm2/Vs and electrical conductivity of ~300 S/cm. These experimental results indicated that the SPS treatment under appropriate conditions could provide CNHs monolith with nanostructure and good electrical conductivity.
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